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	<title>optique &#8211; Photographie</title>
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	<title>optique &#8211; Photographie</title>
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	<item>
		<title>Optique</title>
		<link>https://photo.lenepv.eu/optique</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Philippe Lenepveu]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 05 May 2015 10:00:36 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Photographie]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[formulaire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[optique]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[profondeur de champ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[relation de conjugaison]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[Formules d’optique pour la photographie : relations de conjugaison, profondeur de foyer, profondeur de champ. Relations de conjugaison Définitions i Dimension de l’image o Dimension de l’objet f Distance focale x&#8217; Allongement, ou distance du point focal image à l’image p&#8217; Tirage, ou distance du centre optique&#160;à l’image x Distance du point focal objet à l’objet [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p>Formules d’optique pour la photographie : relations de conjugaison, profondeur de foyer, profondeur de champ.</p>



<span id="more-1495"></span>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Relations de conjugaison</h2>



<figure data-wp-context="{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;67755411e9426&quot;}" data-wp-interactive="core/image" class="wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="660" height="295" data-wp-class--hide="state.isContentHidden" data-wp-class--show="state.isContentVisible" data-wp-init="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async--click="actions.showLightbox" data-wp-on-async--load="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async-window--resize="callbacks.setButtonStyles" src="https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/relation-de-conjugaison-660x295.png" alt="Relation de conjugaison" class="wp-image-1550" srcset="https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/relation-de-conjugaison-660x295.png 660w, https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/relation-de-conjugaison-150x67.png 150w, https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/relation-de-conjugaison-300x134.png 300w, https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/relation-de-conjugaison.png 1808w" sizes="(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px" /><button
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			aria-label="Agrandir l’image : Relation de conjugaison"
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			<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 12 12">
				<path fill="#fff" d="M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z" />
			</svg>
		</button></figure>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Définitions</h3>



<div class="wp-block-group overflow-x-auto is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow">
<figure class="wp-block-table overflow-x-auto is-style-regular"><table><tbody><tr><th>i</th><td>Dimension de l’image</td></tr><tr><th>o</th><td>Dimension de l’objet</td></tr><tr><th>f</th><td>Distance focale</td></tr><tr><th>x&rsquo;</th><td>Allongement, ou distance du point focal image à l’image</td></tr><tr><th>p&rsquo;</th><td>Tirage, ou distance du centre optique&nbsp;à l’image</td></tr><tr><th>x</th><td>Distance du point focal objet à l’objet</td></tr><tr><th>p</th><td>Distance du&nbsp;centre optique&nbsp;à l’objet</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
</div>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Relation de Descartes</h3>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img decoding="async" width="224" height="128" src="https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/01_relation_de_descartes.png" alt="Relation de Descartes" class="wp-image-1572" srcset="https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/01_relation_de_descartes.png 224w, https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/01_relation_de_descartes-150x86.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 224px) 100vw, 224px" /></figure>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code>1/p + 1/p' = 1/f</code></pre>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Relation de Newton</h3>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img decoding="async" width="192" height="64" src="https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/02_relation_de_newton.png" alt="Relation de Newton" class="wp-image-1573" srcset="https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/02_relation_de_newton.png 192w, https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/02_relation_de_newton-150x50.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 192px) 100vw, 192px" /></figure>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code>x·x' = f<sup>2</sup></code></pre>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Grandissement</h3>



<figure data-wp-context="{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;67755411ea186&quot;}" data-wp-interactive="core/image" class="wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="660" height="96" data-wp-class--hide="state.isContentHidden" data-wp-class--show="state.isContentVisible" data-wp-init="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async--click="actions.showLightbox" data-wp-on-async--load="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async-window--resize="callbacks.setButtonStyles" src="https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/03_grandissement-660x96.png" alt="Grandissement" class="wp-image-1574" srcset="https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/03_grandissement-660x96.png 660w, https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/03_grandissement-150x22.png 150w, https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/03_grandissement-300x44.png 300w, https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/03_grandissement.png 880w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px" /><button
			class="lightbox-trigger"
			type="button"
			aria-haspopup="dialog"
			aria-label="Agrandir l’image : Grandissement"
			data-wp-init="callbacks.initTriggerButton"
			data-wp-on-async--click="actions.showLightbox"
			data-wp-style--right="state.imageButtonRight"
			data-wp-style--top="state.imageButtonTop"
		>
			<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 12 12">
				<path fill="#fff" d="M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z" />
			</svg>
		</button></figure>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code>g = i/o = p'/p = (f+x')/(f+x) = f/x
  = f/(p-f) = x'/f = (p'-f)/f</code></pre>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Calculs</h3>



<p>Connaissant la focale et le grandissement, on obtient&nbsp;:</p>



<figure data-wp-context="{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;67755411ea7b0&quot;}" data-wp-interactive="core/image" class="wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="660" height="56" data-wp-class--hide="state.isContentHidden" data-wp-class--show="state.isContentVisible" data-wp-init="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async--click="actions.showLightbox" data-wp-on-async--load="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async-window--resize="callbacks.setButtonStyles" src="https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/04_focale_grandissement-660x56.png" alt="Focale et grandissement" class="wp-image-1575" srcset="https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/04_focale_grandissement-660x56.png 660w, https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/04_focale_grandissement-150x13.png 150w, https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/04_focale_grandissement-300x25.png 300w, https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/04_focale_grandissement.png 1744w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px" /><button
			class="lightbox-trigger"
			type="button"
			aria-haspopup="dialog"
			aria-label="Agrandir l’image : Focale et grandissement"
			data-wp-init="callbacks.initTriggerButton"
			data-wp-on-async--click="actions.showLightbox"
			data-wp-style--right="state.imageButtonRight"
			data-wp-style--top="state.imageButtonTop"
		>
			<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 12 12">
				<path fill="#fff" d="M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z" />
			</svg>
		</button></figure>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code>x' = f*g
p' = f*(g+1)
x  = f/g
p  = f*(1/g+1)
D  = f*(g+1/g+2)</code></pre>



<p>Connaissant le grandissement et la distance de l’objet au centre optique, on obtient&nbsp;:</p>



<figure data-wp-context="{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;67755411eaeec&quot;}" data-wp-interactive="core/image" class="wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="660" height="56" data-wp-class--hide="state.isContentHidden" data-wp-class--show="state.isContentVisible" data-wp-init="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async--click="actions.showLightbox" data-wp-on-async--load="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async-window--resize="callbacks.setButtonStyles" src="https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/05_grandissement_distance_co-660x56.png" alt="Grandissement et distance de l'objet au centre optique" class="wp-image-1576" srcset="https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/05_grandissement_distance_co-660x56.png 660w, https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/05_grandissement_distance_co-150x13.png 150w, https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/05_grandissement_distance_co-300x25.png 300w, https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/05_grandissement_distance_co.png 1744w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px" /><button
			class="lightbox-trigger"
			type="button"
			aria-haspopup="dialog"
			aria-label="Agrandir l’image : Grandissement et distance de l&#039;objet au centre optique"
			data-wp-init="callbacks.initTriggerButton"
			data-wp-on-async--click="actions.showLightbox"
			data-wp-style--right="state.imageButtonRight"
			data-wp-style--top="state.imageButtonTop"
		>
			<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 12 12">
				<path fill="#fff" d="M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z" />
			</svg>
		</button></figure>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code>f  = p*g/(g+1)
x' = p*g^2/(g+1)
p' = p*g
x  = p/(g+1)
D  = p*(g+1)</code></pre>



<p>Connaissant la focale et l’allongement, on obtient&nbsp;:</p>



<figure data-wp-context="{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;67755411eb5a7&quot;}" data-wp-interactive="core/image" class="wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="660" height="56" data-wp-class--hide="state.isContentHidden" data-wp-class--show="state.isContentVisible" data-wp-init="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async--click="actions.showLightbox" data-wp-on-async--load="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async-window--resize="callbacks.setButtonStyles" src="https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/06_focale_allongement-660x56.png" alt="Focale allongement" class="wp-image-1577" srcset="https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/06_focale_allongement-660x56.png 660w, https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/06_focale_allongement-150x13.png 150w, https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/06_focale_allongement-300x25.png 300w, https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/06_focale_allongement.png 1744w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px" /><button
			class="lightbox-trigger"
			type="button"
			aria-haspopup="dialog"
			aria-label="Agrandir l’image : Focale allongement"
			data-wp-init="callbacks.initTriggerButton"
			data-wp-on-async--click="actions.showLightbox"
			data-wp-style--right="state.imageButtonRight"
			data-wp-style--top="state.imageButtonTop"
		>
			<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 12 12">
				<path fill="#fff" d="M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z" />
			</svg>
		</button></figure>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code>g  = x'/f
p' = x'+f
x  = f^2/x'
p  = f^2/x'+f
D  = x'+f^2/x'+2*f</code></pre>



<p>Connaissant la focale et le tirage, on obtient&nbsp;:</p>



<figure data-wp-context="{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;67755411ebef2&quot;}" data-wp-interactive="core/image" class="wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="660" height="56" data-wp-class--hide="state.isContentHidden" data-wp-class--show="state.isContentVisible" data-wp-init="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async--click="actions.showLightbox" data-wp-on-async--load="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async-window--resize="callbacks.setButtonStyles" src="https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/07_focale_tirage-660x56.png" alt="Focale et tirage" class="wp-image-1578" srcset="https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/07_focale_tirage-660x56.png 660w, https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/07_focale_tirage-150x13.png 150w, https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/07_focale_tirage-300x25.png 300w, https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/07_focale_tirage.png 1744w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px" /><button
			class="lightbox-trigger"
			type="button"
			aria-haspopup="dialog"
			aria-label="Agrandir l’image : Focale et tirage"
			data-wp-init="callbacks.initTriggerButton"
			data-wp-on-async--click="actions.showLightbox"
			data-wp-style--right="state.imageButtonRight"
			data-wp-style--top="state.imageButtonTop"
		>
			<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 12 12">
				<path fill="#fff" d="M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z" />
			</svg>
		</button></figure>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code>g  = (p'-f)/f
x' = p'-f
x  = f^2/(p'-f)
p  = f*p'/(p'-f)
D  = f*p'/(p'-f)+p’</code></pre>



<p>Connaissant la focale et la distance de l’objet au plan focal image, on obtient&nbsp;:</p>



<figure data-wp-context="{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;67755411ec5eb&quot;}" data-wp-interactive="core/image" class="wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="660" height="56" data-wp-class--hide="state.isContentHidden" data-wp-class--show="state.isContentVisible" data-wp-init="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async--click="actions.showLightbox" data-wp-on-async--load="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async-window--resize="callbacks.setButtonStyles" src="https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/08_focale_distance_pf-660x56.png" alt="Focale et distance de l'objet au plan focal image" class="wp-image-1579" srcset="https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/08_focale_distance_pf-660x56.png 660w, https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/08_focale_distance_pf-150x13.png 150w, https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/08_focale_distance_pf-300x25.png 300w, https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/08_focale_distance_pf.png 1744w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px" /><button
			class="lightbox-trigger"
			type="button"
			aria-haspopup="dialog"
			aria-label="Agrandir l’image : Focale et distance de l&#039;objet au plan focal image"
			data-wp-init="callbacks.initTriggerButton"
			data-wp-on-async--click="actions.showLightbox"
			data-wp-style--right="state.imageButtonRight"
			data-wp-style--top="state.imageButtonTop"
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			<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 12 12">
				<path fill="#fff" d="M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z" />
			</svg>
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<pre class="wp-block-code"><code>g  = f/x
x' = f^2/x
p' = f^2/x+f
p  = x+f
D  = f^2/x+x+2*f</code></pre>



<p>Connaissant la focale et la distance de l’objet au centre optique, on obtient&nbsp;:</p>



<figure data-wp-context="{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;67755411ecc28&quot;}" data-wp-interactive="core/image" class="wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="660" height="56" data-wp-class--hide="state.isContentHidden" data-wp-class--show="state.isContentVisible" data-wp-init="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async--click="actions.showLightbox" data-wp-on-async--load="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async-window--resize="callbacks.setButtonStyles" src="https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/09_focale_distance_co-660x56.png" alt="Focale et distance de l'objet au centre optique" class="wp-image-1580" srcset="https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/09_focale_distance_co-660x56.png 660w, https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/09_focale_distance_co-150x13.png 150w, https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/09_focale_distance_co-300x25.png 300w, https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/09_focale_distance_co.png 1744w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px" /><button
			class="lightbox-trigger"
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<pre class="wp-block-code"><code>g  = f/(p-f)
x' = f*p/(p-f)-f
p' = f*p/(p-f)
x  = p-f
D  = f*p/(p-f)+p</code></pre>



<p>Connaissant la focale et la distance de l’objet à l’image, on obtient&nbsp;:</p>



<figure data-wp-context="{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;67755411ed2c2&quot;}" data-wp-interactive="core/image" class="wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="660" height="660" data-wp-class--hide="state.isContentHidden" data-wp-class--show="state.isContentVisible" data-wp-init="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async--click="actions.showLightbox" data-wp-on-async--load="callbacks.setButtonStyles" data-wp-on-async-window--resize="callbacks.setButtonStyles" src="https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/10_focale_distance_io-660x660.png" alt="Focale et distance de l'objet à l’image" class="wp-image-1581" srcset="https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/10_focale_distance_io-660x660.png 660w, https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/10_focale_distance_io-150x150.png 150w, https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/10_focale_distance_io-300x300.png 300w, https://photo.lenepv.eu/wp-content/uploads/techno/optique/10_focale_distance_io.png 1152w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px" /><button
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<p>Pour i ≤ o (g ≤ 1)&nbsp;:</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code>g  = D/(2*f)-1-RACINE((D/(2*f))^2-D/f)
x' = D/2-RACINE((D/2)^2-f*D)-f
p' = D/2-RACINE((D/2)^2-f*D)
x  = D/2+RACINE((D/2)^2-f*D)-f
p  = D/2+RACINE((D/2)^2-f*D)</code></pre>



<p>Pour i ≥ o (g ≥ 1)&nbsp;:</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code>g  = D/(2*f)-1+RACINE((D/(2*f))^2-D/f)
x' = D/2+RACINE((D/2)^2-f*D)-f
p' = D/2+RACINE((D/2)^2-f*D)
x  = D/2-RACINE((D/2)^2-f*D)-f
p  = D/2-RACINE((D/2)^2-f*D)</code></pre>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Profondeur de champ</h2>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Définitions</h3>



<div class="wp-block-group overflow-x-auto is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow">
<figure class="wp-block-table is-style-regular"><table><tbody><tr><th>f</th><td>Distance focale</td></tr><tr><th>N</th><td>Ouverture relative</td></tr><tr><th>e</th><td>Diamètre du cercle de confusion</td></tr><tr><th>g</th><td>Grandissement (g = i / o)</td></tr><tr><th>x’</th><td>Tirage optique</td></tr><tr><th>h</th><td>Distance hyperfocale</td></tr><tr><th>p</th><td>Distance de mise au point</td></tr><tr><th>p<sub>1</sub></th><td>Premier plan net</td></tr><tr><th>p2</th><td>Dernier plan net</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
</div>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Diamètre du cercle de confusion</h3>



<p>Exprime la tolérance de netteté, compte tenu du format. La valeur de 0,025&nbsp;mm est souvent admise pour un format 24&nbsp;×&nbsp;36&nbsp;mm&nbsp;; cette valeur correspond à la diagonale du format divisé par 1730.</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code>e = √(24²+36<sup>²</sup>) / 1730 = 0,025</code></pre>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Profondeur de foyer</h3>



<p>Limite arrière&nbsp;:</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code>x’<sub>1</sub> = e N (g+1)<sup>2</sup> / (1 - e/f (g+1) N)</code></pre>



<p>Limite avant&nbsp;:</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code>x’<sub>2</sub> = e N (g+1)<sup>2</sup> / (1 + e/f (g+1) N)</code></pre>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Profondeur de foyer en fonction de g</h3>



<p>Limite arrière&nbsp;:</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code>p’<sub>1</sub> = f<sup>2</sup> (g+1) / (f - e (g+1) N)</code></pre>



<p>Limite avant&nbsp;:</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code>p’<sub>2</sub> = f<sup>2</sup> (g+1) / (f + e (g+1) N)</code></pre>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Profondeur de champ en fonction de g</h3>



<p>Premier plan net&nbsp;:</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code>p<sub>1</sub> = f<sup>2</sup> (1/g+1) / (f + e (1/g+1) N)</code></pre>



<p>Dernier plan net&nbsp;:</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code>p<sub>2</sub> = si(e f (1/g+1) N &lt; f<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;;
     f<sup>2</sup> (1/g+1) / (f - e (1/g+1) N)&nbsp;; ∞)</code></pre>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Profondeur de champ en fonction de p</h3>



<p>Premier plan net&nbsp;:</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code>p<sub>1</sub> = p f<sup>2</sup> / (f<sup>2</sup> + e p N)</code></pre>



<p>Dernier plan net&nbsp;:</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code>p<sub>2</sub> = si (e p N &lt; f<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;; p f<sup>2</sup> / (f<sup>2</sup> - e p N)&nbsp;; ∞)</code></pre>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Distance et ouverture en fonction des limites de la profondeur de champ</h3>



<p>Distance&nbsp;:</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code>p = 2 × p<sub>1</sub> × p<sub>2</sub> / (p1 + p2)</code></pre>



<p>Ouverture&nbsp;:</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code>N = f<sup>2</sup> / e / 2 (p<sub>2</sub> - p<sub>1</sub>) / (p<sub>1</sub> × p<sub>2</sub>)</code></pre>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Distance hyperfocale</h3>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code>h = f<sup>2</sup> / (e × N)</code></pre>



<div class="wp-block-group overflow-x-auto is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow">
<h4 class="wp-block-heading">Propriétés de la distance hyperfocale</h4>



<figure class="wp-block-table overflow-x-auto is-style-regular"><table class="has-fixed-layout"><thead><tr><th class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">Distance de mise au point</th><th class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">Limite AV</th><th class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">Limite AR</th><th class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">Répartition AV</th><th class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">Répartition AR</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">∞</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">H</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">∞</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">&nbsp;</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">h</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">h/2</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">∞</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">&nbsp;</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">h/2</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">h/3</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">h</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">1/4</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">3/4</td></tr><tr><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">h/3</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">h/4</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">h/2</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">1/3</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">2/3</td></tr><tr><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">h/4</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">h/5</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">h/3</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">37,5%</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">62,5%</td></tr><tr><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">h/5</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">h/6</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">h/4</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">40%</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">60%</td></tr><tr><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">h/6</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">h/7</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">h/5</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">42%</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">50%</td></tr><tr><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">etc.</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">&nbsp;</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">&nbsp;</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">&nbsp;</td><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center">&nbsp;</td></tr></tbody></table><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Limites de profondeur de champ en fonction de la distance de mise au point.</figcaption></figure>
</div>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Profondeur de champ en fonction de la distance hyperfocale</h3>



<p>Premier plan net&nbsp;:</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code>p<sub>1</sub> = h × p / (h + p)</code></pre>



<p>Dernier plan net&nbsp;:</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code>p<sub>2</sub> = si(p &lt; h&nbsp;; h × p / (h - p)&nbsp;; ∞)</code></pre>



<p>Les distances h, p<sub>1</sub> et p<sub>2</sub> sont mesurées <strong>à partir du centre optique</strong>.</p>



<pre class="wp-block-code"><code>profondeur de champ = p<sub>2</sub> - p<sub>1</sub></code></pre>
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